3.4b Laws of Definite Integrals

3.4b Laws of Definite Integrals

Example:
Given that

\int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x = 5

$\int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x = 5$ , find the values for each of the following:

\begin{array}{l} (a) \int_{3}^{7} 6 f (x) d x \\ (b) \int_{3}^{7} [3 - f (x)] d x \\ (c) \int_{7}^{3} 2 f (x) d x \\ (d) \int_{3}^{4} f (x) d x + \int_{4}^{5} f (x) d x + \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ (e) \int_{3}^{7} \frac{f (x) + 7}{2} d x \end{array}

$\begin{array}{l} (a) \int_{3}^{7} 6 f (x) d x \\ (b) \int_{3}^{7} [3 - f (x)] d x \\ (c) \int_{7}^{3} 2 f (x) d x \\ (d) \int_{3}^{4} f (x) d x + \int_{4}^{5} f (x) d x + \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ (e) \int_{3}^{7} \frac{f (x) + 7}{2} d x \end{array}$

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} (a) \int_{3}^{7} 6 f (x) d x = 6 \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = 6 (5) = 30 \\ (b) \int_{3}^{7} [3 - f (x)] d x = \int_{3}^{7} 3 d x - \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = {[3 x]}_{3}^{7} - 5 \\ = [3 (7) - 3 (3)] - 5 \\ = 7 \\ (c) \int_{7}^{3} 2 f (x) d x = - \int_{3}^{7} 2 f (x) d x \\ = - 2 \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = - 2 (5) \\ = - 10 \\ (d) \int_{3}^{4} f (x) d x + \int_{4}^{5} f (x) d x + \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = 5 \\ (e) \int_{3}^{7} \frac{f (x) + 7}{2} d x = \int_{3}^{7} [\frac{1}{2} f (x) + \frac{7}{2}] d x \\ = \int_{3}^{7} \frac{1}{2} f (x) d x + \int_{3}^{7} \frac{7}{2} d x \\ = \frac{1}{2} \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x + {[\frac{7 x}{2}]}_{3}^{7} \\ = \frac{1}{2} (5) + [\frac{7 (7)}{2} - \frac{7 (3)}{2}] \\ = \frac{5}{2} + 14 \\ = 16 \frac{1}{2} \end{array}

$\begin{array}{l} (a) \int_{3}^{7} 6 f (x) d x = 6 \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = 6 (5) = 30 \\ (b) \int_{3}^{7} [3 - f (x)] d x = \int_{3}^{7} 3 d x - \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = {[3 x]}_{3}^{7} - 5 \\ = [3 (7) - 3 (3)] - 5 \\ = 7 \\ (c) \int_{7}^{3} 2 f (x) d x = - \int_{3}^{7} 2 f (x) d x \\ = - 2 \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = - 2 (5) \\ = - 10 \\ (d) \int_{3}^{4} f (x) d x + \int_{4}^{5} f (x) d x + \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x \\ = 5 \\ (e) \int_{3}^{7} \frac{f (x) + 7}{2} d x = \int_{3}^{7} [\frac{1}{2} f (x) + \frac{7}{2}] d x \\ = \int_{3}^{7} \frac{1}{2} f (x) d x + \int_{3}^{7} \frac{7}{2} d x \\ = \frac{1}{2} \int_{3}^{7} f (x) d x + {[\frac{7 x}{2}]}_{3}^{7} \\ = \frac{1}{2} (5) + [\frac{7 (7)}{2} - \frac{7 (3)}{2}] \\ = \frac{5}{2} + 14 \\ = 16 \frac{1}{2} \end{array}$

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